Description: Hodge (2006a) suggested that photons traveling between galaxies could loose energy caused by a ro field. Hodge (2006b) applied the galaxy redshift equation to the PA. The PA is a well established unexplained blueshift in the radio signal from the Pioneer 10 (P10) and Pioneer 11 (P11) spacecrafts. The predicted observations made are: (1) The data before the flyby encounters were insufficient to detect the PA (Turyshev and Toth 2009). (2) "Although the Earth direction is marginally preferred by the solution (see Table III), the Sun, the Earth, and the spin axis directions cannot be distinguished." (3) "The data favor a temporally decaying anomalous acceleration with an over 10% improvement in the residuals compared to a constant acceleration model."
The STOE is a self-consistent model that was devised based on observations including galaxy redshift. The STOE made predictions for a different observable characteristic of the PA that are being confirmed.
The full-text article has been published in the "IntellectualArchive" journal , Vol.2, Num.3, May 2013, ISSN 1929-4700.